Measuring the fabric thickness

Fabric thickness is defined as perpendicular distance through the fabric, which determines the dimension between the upper and lower side of the fabric.

Determination of thickness of fabric samples in laboratory is usually carried out with the help of a precision thickness gauge.

In Fabric Thickness Gauge, the fabric whose thickness is to be determined is kept on a flat anvil and a circular pressure foot is pressed on to it from the top under a standard fixed load. Then the Dial Indicator directly gives the thickness in mm.

  

  Main Unit of Fabric Thickness Gauge: 

                           

                                                     Fig: Fabric thickness Gauge

▪ Anvil.

▪ Circular Pressure Foot

▪ Zero Setting Dial Gauge

▪ Knob for zero setting of the Dial Gauge.

▪ Dead Weight

▪ Lifting Lever.

▪  Grub Screw for Calibration.

▪ Circular Pressure Foot

Objective of Fabric Thickness Gauge:

         To know about the thickness of the fabric.

         To determine the value of the fabric different thickness.

         To know about the thickness of different fabric. 

Features of Fabric Thickness Gauge:

    ▪  Determines the thickness of yarns, fabrics, paper, etc.

    ▪   Range of measurement: 0 - 10 mm.

    ▪  Accurately and conveniently performs thickness measurement.

    ▪  Supplied with calibration & inspection certificates.

    ▪  Consists of a dial micrometer with a flat pressure foot and a flat anvil.

Specifications of Fabric Thickness Gauge:

Range of measurement           : 0 - 10 mm

Least count of dial gauge       : 0.01 mm

Diameter of anvil                    : 60 mm

Diameter of pressure foot       : 10 mm & 25 mm

Working Procedure of Fabric Thickness Gauge:

• The fabric sample that is to be measured is kept on an anvil.
• The press foot is gently lowered on to the specimen.
• The reading is taken to get the thickness of the specimen.
• The flat circular indenter of the micrometer exerts the specified pressure on the fabric sample.
• The above procedure is repeated to obtain the values of thickness at least at 3 different locations.
• The mean value of all the readings of thickness determined to the nearest 0.01m is calculated and the result is the average thickness of the sample under test. 

  

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What Is Spinning? | Types Of Spinning Process

SPINNING: Spinning is a process of manufacturing  yarn  in which different types of fibres are drawn out and twisted together to form yarn.

Several common systems used by the manufacturer in spinning industry for Staple yarns:

RING-SPINNING: A system of spinning using a ring-and-traveler takeup wherein the drafting of the roving and twisting and winding of the yarn onto the bobbin proceed simultaneously and continuously. Ring frames are suitable for spinning all counts up to 150’s, and they usually give a stronger yarn and are more productive than mule spinning frames. The latest innovation in ring spinning involves the use of a revolving ring  to increase productivity.Ring spinning equipment is also widely used to take-up manufactured filament yarns and insert producer-twist at extrusion.

RING-SPINNING

     

AIR JET SPINNING: A spinning system in which yarn is made by wrapping fibers around a core stream of fibers with compressed air. In this process, the fibers are drafted to appropriate sliver size, then fed to the air jet chambers where they are twisted, first in one direction, then in the reverse direction in a second chamber. They are stabilized after each twisting operation.

AIR JET SPINNING

OPEN-END OR ROTOR SPINNING : A system of spinning based on the concept of introducing twist into the yarn without package rotation by simply rotating the yarn end at a gap or break in the flow of the fibers between the delivery system and the yarn package. Because the twisting element can be compact and the mass of material to be rotated is small, very high twisting speeds can be attained. The process, in a sense combines the traditional processes of roving and spinning in one operation. Present work is directed toward incorporating the drafting operation into the process by using card sliver as the feedstock. This can facilitate process linking.

OPEN-END OR ROTOR SPINNING

 

VORTEX SPINNING: The Murata Vortex Spinning (MVS) system was introduced in 1998 under the commercial name “MVS851”. Vortex spinning  is a technology which uses an air vortex to spin out the yarn. Fibers formed by these air flows possess a unique structure, and this provides the yarn with a wide range of functionalities.

VORTEX SPINNING

Several common system used by the manufacturer in spinning industry for Filament yarns:

WET SPINNING: The process in which a solution of the fiber-forming substance is extruded into a liquid coagulating medium where the polymer is regenerated, as in the manufacture of viscose or cuprammonium rayon.

WET SPINNING

DRY SPINNING: The process in which a solution of the fiber-forming substance is extruded in a continuous stream into a heated chamber to remove the solvent, leaving the solid filament, as in the manufacture of acetate.

DRY SPINNING

MELT SPINNING: The process in which the fiber-forming substance is melted and extruded into air or other gas, or into a suitable liquid, where it is cooled and solidified, as in the manufacture of polyester or 

nylon.

MELT SPINNING

GEL  SPINNING: A spinning process in which the primary mechanism of solidification is the gelling of the polymer solution by cooling to form a gel filament consisting of precipitated polymer and solvent. Solvent removal is accomplished following solidification by washing in aliquid bath. The resultant fibers can be drawn to give a product with high tensile strength and modulus.

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