Yarn:A
yarn is a constructed assemblage of textile fibers which acts as a unit in
fabric formation.
Or
a thin, flexible, durable, rather long cord used in the manufacture of woven,
knitted, and nonwoven fabrics.
Yarn
Different
kinds of yarn are used in textile sector. These are different in structure and
character.
Definition
of these yarn are given below:
Spun yarn: Spun yarn is defined as the
twisted continuous strand of staple fiber having considerable strength; twist
is given to gripping each other of staple fiber. It should have definite
fineness and no. of twist per inch, which ensure its suitability for next
consequence processes. Spun yarns are formed by flyer, rotor, air-jet and
vortex-spinning system.
 |
| Spun yarn |
Filament yarn: Filament yarn is defined as
the twisted or without twisted strands of filaments, where each filament runs
the whole length of yarn. When yarn is composed of one filament is called
‘monofilament yarn’. If yarn is composed of more than one filament is called
‘multifilament yarn’. There are approximately 50 to more than 100 filaments
present in one mulifilament yarn.
 |
| Filament yarn |
Combed yarn: Normally carded yarn is
manufactured by ring spinning system. The combing process is an additional step
beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel
form, and additional short fibers, neps and trash are removed, producing high
quality yarns with excellent strength and evenness. Normally combing is
necessary to manufacture good quality fine yarn.
 |
| Combed yarn |
Carded yarn: Obtained from short raw
cotton, it is the cotton yarn whose carding has not been made. It has lower
quality compared to combed cotton yarn. Smoothness of fabrics made from carded
yarns is less. They form a loose, rough and hairy fabric. They are seen pale
and dirty.Carded ring yarns are used in weaving sportswear fabrics, linens,
denims (blue jeans), cords, towels, upholstery fabrics, home textiles,
technical fabrics.
 |
| Carded yarn |
Worsted Wool Yarn:It
is a quality wool yarn obtained from the carding of long and fine raw cottons
and then their spinning. Its tensile strength is good, unevenness is minimal.
From worsted yarns, heavy outerwear products which are generally worn in winter
are produced.
 |
| Worsted Wool Yarn |
Woolen Wool Yarn:It
is obtained through processing the fibers whose uncarded and short fiber rate
is high according to the woolen yard technology. Fibers picked from the card as
wicks/cords (pre yarn) are turned into yarns through spinning. Its surface is
rough and hairy.
 |
| Woolen Wool Yarn |
Linen Yarn:Linen
yarn are obtained from stalks of linum (the plant) and produced from flax
fibers. They are divided into two parts as long staple and short staple. While
short-staple linen yarns are rough and thick, long staple yarns are thin and
delicate.Short staple yarns are usually used in producing coarse fabrics woven
in homes while long staple yarns are used in weaving more delicate fabrics as
they are thin and have smooth surface.
 |
| Linen Yarn |
Polyester Yarn:It
is the synthetic fiber type obtained from polyester fibers. They are low
humectant and their melting point is 260 ° C. They have a broad range of usage
in the production of woven and knitted fabrics as they are durable and
flexible. Due to their low moisture absorption, they create static electricity
and and pilling problems.
 |
| Polyester Yarn |
Nylon Yarn:Nylon
yarns, also known as polyamide yarns, can be manufactured in different sizes
and thicknesses. The most important feature of the fabrics produced from nylon
yarn is their durability. Although it creates pilling problem, it is
advantageous as its static electricity is low. It is used in underwear, socks,
sportswear and home textile products.
 |
| Nylon Yarn |
Acrylic Yarn:They are synthetic (fully synthetic) yarns produced from acrylic fibers
being petroleum derivative. Orlon and modacrylic are the best known acrylic
yarns. They are climate-resistant, lightweight and warm, easy to maintain,
bright and quick-drying yarns.
 |
| Acrylic Yarn |
Melange Yarn:Melange
yarn that can be obtained from blend carder or melange/vigoureux print, is
formed through blending the fibers in different colors at determined rates.
This fabric type used in knitting and weaving, has a mealy/greying,
color-variant view.
 |
| Melange Yarn |
Ring yarn: Ring yarn is formed by the
twisting of ring and traveler combination by ring spinning machine. Normally
ring yarn can be coarse to fine in fineness.
Rotor yarn: Rotor yarn is formed by
twisting of rotor by rotor spinning machine. This yarn can be formed from short
fiber. Normally rotor yarn is coarse. Rotor yarn is also called open end yarn.
Air-jet yarn: Air-jet yarn is manufactured
by air-jet spinning machine. This yarn is false twist or zero twist yarn. This
yarn is coarse to medium in fineness.
Single yarn: Single yarns are made from
single filaments or from group of staple or filament fibers twisted together to
form the desired yarn. Monofilament, Multifilament and spun yarns are all
single yarns.
Ply yarn:
Ply yarns are made by twisting together two or more single yarns. Each
part of the yarn is called a ply. Yarn can be two, three or four plied. Sewing
thread is ply yarn.
Cord yarn: Cord yarns are formed by twisted
together of plied yarns. They are seldom used in conventional fabrics.
100% Cotton: The yarn has 100% cotton fiber.
P/C : Yarn produced by blending of cotton
and polyester fibers. The maximum part of this yarn is polyester. The yarn has
more than 50% polyester fibers and rest portion is cotton.
CVC:
A blended yarn having more percentage of cotton as compared to that of
polyester is called chief value cotton or CVC yarn. For example, Cotton: Polyester is 70:30.
